S32205 Duplex 2205 bakin karfe sinadaran abun da ke ciki Tasirin tsawon capillary akan halaye na refrigerant mai dacewa da muhalli R152a a cikin firiji na gida

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Bayani dalla-dalla - Duplex 2205

• ASTM: A790, A815, A182
• ASME: SA790, SA815, SA182

Haɗin Sinadari - Duplex 2205

Aikace-aikace na yau da kullun - Duplex 2205

Wasu daga cikin aikace-aikacen yau da kullun na nau'in ƙarfe na duplex karfe 2205 an jera su a ƙasa:

• Masu musayar zafi, bututu da bututu don samarwa da sarrafa iskar gas da mai
• Masu musayar zafi da bututu a cikin tsire-tsire masu bushewa
• Tasoshin matsin lamba, bututu, tankuna da masu musayar zafi don sarrafawa da jigilar sinadarai daban-daban
• Tasoshin matsin lamba, tankuna da bututu a cikin masana'antar sarrafa chlorides
• Rotors, magoya baya, shafts da latsa birgima inda za a iya amfani da babban ƙarfin gajiyar lalata
• Tankunan dakon kaya, bututun da ake amfani da su na walda don tankunan sinadarai

Abubuwan Jiki

An tsara kaddarorin jiki na nau'ikan bakin karfe 2205 a ƙasa.

Tsarin dumama gida da sanyaya sau da yawa suna amfani da na'urorin capillary.Yin amfani da capillaries karkace yana kawar da buƙatar kayan aikin sanyi mai sauƙi a cikin tsarin.Matsi na capillary ya dogara da ma'auni na geometry na capillary, kamar tsayi, matsakaicin diamita da nisa tsakanin su.Wannan labarin yana mayar da hankali kan tasirin tsayin capillary akan aikin tsarin.An yi amfani da capillaries guda uku masu tsayi daban-daban a cikin gwaje-gwajen.An bincika bayanan R152a a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban don kimanta tasirin tsayi daban-daban.Matsakaicin inganci yana samuwa a zazzabi mai zafi na -12 ° C da tsayin capillary na 3.65 m.Sakamakon ya nuna cewa aikin tsarin yana ƙaruwa tare da karuwar tsawon capillary zuwa 3.65 m idan aka kwatanta da 3.35 m da 3.96 m.Sabili da haka, lokacin da tsayin capillary ya karu da wani adadi, aikin tsarin yana ƙaruwa.An kwatanta sakamakon gwajin tare da sakamakon ƙididdigar haɓakar ruwa mai ƙima (CFD).
Firji na'urar firiji ce wacce ta haɗa da daki mai ɓoye, kuma tsarin firiji shine tsarin da ke haifar da sakamako mai sanyaya a cikin ɗaki mai rufi.Ana ayyana sanyaya azaman tsarin cire zafi daga sarari ɗaya ko wani abu da canja wurin wannan zafi zuwa wani sarari ko wani abu.Yanzu ana amfani da injin firji don adana abincin da ke lalacewa a yanayin yanayin yanayi, lalacewa daga haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta da sauran hanyoyin tafiyar hawainiya a cikin firji mai ƙarancin zafin jiki.Refrigerate ruwan aiki ne da ake amfani da su azaman matattarar zafi ko firji a cikin matakan firiji.Refrigerant suna tattara zafi ta hanyar ƙafewa a ƙananan zafin jiki da matsa lamba sannan kuma su taru a mafi yawan zafin jiki da matsa lamba, suna sakin zafi.Da alama dakin yana samun sanyi yayin da zafi ke fita daga firiza.Tsarin sanyaya yana faruwa a cikin tsarin da ke kunshe da compressor, condenser, tubes capillary da mai kwashewa.Na'urorin firji sune kayan da ake amfani da su a wannan binciken.Ana amfani da injin firji a duk faɗin duniya, kuma wannan na'urar ta zama larura ta gida.Fiji na zamani suna da inganci wajen aiki, amma bincike don inganta tsarin yana ci gaba da gudana.Babban rashin lahani na R134a shine cewa ba'a san cewa yana da guba ba amma yana da babban yuwuwar dumamar yanayi (GWP).R134a don firji na gida an haɗa shi a cikin Yarjejeniyar Kyoto na Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Mulki ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Sauyin Yanayi1,2.Koyaya, saboda haka, yakamata a rage amfani da R134a sosai3.Daga mahalli, kuɗi da mahangar kiwon lafiya, yana da mahimmanci a sami ƙarancin dumamar yanayi4.Nazarin da yawa sun tabbatar da cewa R152a refrigerant ne mai dacewa da muhalli.Mohanraj et al.5 sun binciki yiwuwar ka'idar yin amfani da R152a da refrigerants na hydrocarbon a cikin firiji na gida.An gano hydrogencarbons ba su da tasiri a matsayin firji na tsaye.R152a ya fi ƙarfin kuzari kuma yana da alaƙa da muhalli fiye da na'urorin sanyaya lokaci-lokaci.Bolaji da sauransu6.An kwatanta aikin na'urorin HFC guda uku masu mu'amala da muhalli a cikin firij na matsawa tururi.Sun kammala cewa za a iya amfani da R152a a cikin tsarin matsawa tururi kuma zai iya maye gurbin R134a.R32 yana da rashin amfani kamar babban ƙarfin lantarki da ƙarancin ƙarfin aiki (COP).Bolaji et al.7 sun gwada R152a da R32 azaman madadin R134a a cikin firji na gida.Dangane da binciken, matsakaicin ingancin R152a shine 4.7% sama da na R134a.Cabelo et al.gwada R152a da R134a a cikin kayan refrigeration tare da hermetic compressors.8. Bolaji et al9 sun gwada R152a refrigerant a cikin tsarin firiji.Sun kammala cewa R152a shine mafi ƙarfin kuzari, tare da ƙarancin sanyaya 10.6% akan ton fiye da R134a na baya.R152a yana nuna mafi girman ƙarfin sanyaya da inganci.Chavkhan et al.10 sun bincika halayen R134a da R152a.A cikin binciken da aka yi na refrigerants guda biyu, an gano R152a shine mafi ƙarfin kuzari.R152a shine 3.769% mafi inganci fiye da R134a kuma ana iya amfani dashi azaman maye gurbin kai tsaye.Bolaji et al.11 sun binciki daban-daban ƙananan GWP refrigerants a matsayin maye gurbin R134a a cikin tsarin sanyi saboda ƙananan yuwuwar dumamar yanayi.Daga cikin firjin da aka tantance, R152a yana da mafi girman aikin makamashi, yana rage yawan amfani da wutar lantarki a kowace tan na firiji da kashi 30.5% idan aka kwatanta da R134a.A cewar mawallafa, R161 yana buƙatar sake fasalin gaba ɗaya kafin a iya amfani da shi azaman madadin.An gudanar da ayyuka daban-daban na gwaji da masu bincike na shayarwa na cikin gida don inganta aikin ƙananan GWP da R134a-nau'in refrigerant tsarin a matsayin maye mai zuwa a cikin tsarin refrigeration12,13,14,15,16,17,18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 Baskaran et al.24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35 sun yi nazarin ayyukan refrigerants da yawa masu dacewa da muhalli da haɗin gwiwa tare da R134a a matsayin madadin madadin. gwaje-gwajen matsa lamba daban-daban.Tsari.Tiwari et al.36 sun yi amfani da gwaje-gwaje da bincike na CFD don kwatanta aikin bututun capillary tare da firiji daban-daban da diamita na bututu.Yi amfani da software na ANSYS CFX don bincike.Ana ba da shawarar ƙirar ƙirar karkace mafi kyau.Punia et al.16 sun binciki tasirin tsayin capillary, diamita da diamita na coil akan yawan kwararar na'urar sanyaya LPG ta hanyar murɗa mai karkace.Bisa ga sakamakon binciken, daidaitawa tsawon tsawon capillary a cikin kewayon daga 4.5 zuwa 2.5 m yana ba da damar ƙara yawan yawan taro ta matsakaicin 25%.Söylemez et al.16 sun yi wani bincike na CFD na ɗakin firiji na gida (DR) ta hanyar amfani da nau'ikan rudani (na viscous) guda uku daban-daban don samun haske game da saurin sanyaya na ɗakin sabo da rarraba zafin jiki a cikin iska da ɗaki yayin lodawa.Hasashen ƙirar CFD da aka haɓaka sun nuna a sarari yanayin kwararar iska da filayen zafin jiki a cikin FFC.
Wannan labarin ya tattauna sakamakon binciken matukin jirgi don tantance aikin firji na gida ta amfani da refrigerant R152a, wanda ke da alaƙa da muhalli kuma ba shi da haɗarin yuwuwar ragewar ozone (ODP).
A cikin wannan binciken, 3.35 m, 3.65 m da 3.96 m capillaries an zaɓi su azaman wuraren gwaji.An gudanar da gwaje-gwaje tare da ƙarancin ɗumamar duniya R152a mai sanyi kuma an ƙididdige sigogin aiki.Hakanan an yi nazarin halayen firji a cikin capillary ta amfani da software na CFD.An kwatanta sakamakon CFD tare da sakamakon gwaji.
Kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 1, zaku iya ganin hoton firjin gida mai lita 185 da aka yi amfani da shi don binciken.Ya ƙunshi mai fitar da iska, damfara mai jujjuyawar hermetic da na'urar sanyaya iska.Ana shigar da ma'aunin matsi guda huɗu a mashigar kwampreso, mashigan na'urar mai ɗaukar nauyi da mashigar ruwa.Don hana jijjiga yayin gwaji, waɗannan mitoci an ɗora su.Don karanta zafin jiki na thermocouple, duk wayoyi na thermocouple suna haɗe zuwa na'urar daukar hotan takardu.An shigar da na'urorin auna zafin jiki goma a mashigar ruwa, tsotsawar kwampreso, fitarwar kwampreso, dakin firiji da mashigai, mashigan na'ura, dakin injin daskarewa da kanti.Hakanan an ba da rahoton ƙarfin lantarki da amfani na yanzu.Ana daidaita ma'aunin motsi da aka haɗa da sashin bututu a kan katako.Ana adana rikodin kowane daƙiƙa 10 ta amfani da naúrar Injin Injin Mutum (HMI).Ana amfani da gilashin gani don duba daidaiton kwararar na'urar.
An yi amfani da Selec MFM384 ammeter tare da ƙarfin shigarwa na 100-500 V don ƙididdige ƙarfi da makamashi.An shigar da tashar sabis na tsarin a saman kwampreso don yin caji da yin cajin firiji.Mataki na farko shine zubar da danshi daga tsarin ta hanyar tashar sabis.Don cire duk wani gurɓatawa daga tsarin, zubar da shi da nitrogen.Ana cajin tsarin ta hanyar amfani da famfo, wanda ke fitar da naúrar zuwa matsi na -30 mmHg.Tebu na 1 ya lissafa halaye na injin gwajin firiji na cikin gida, kuma Table 2 ya lissafa ƙimar da aka auna, da kewayon su da daidaito.
Halayen firji da ake amfani da su a cikin firji da injin daskarewa an nuna su a cikin tebur 3.
An gudanar da gwaji bisa ga shawarwarin ASHRAE Handbook 2010 a ƙarƙashin waɗannan sharuɗɗa:
Bugu da ƙari, kawai idan akwai, an yi bincike don tabbatar da sake haifar da sakamakon.Muddin yanayin aiki ya tsaya tsayin daka, ana yin rikodin zafin jiki, matsa lamba, kwararar firji da yawan kuzari.Ana auna zafin jiki, matsa lamba, makamashi, iko da kwarara don ƙayyade aikin tsarin.Nemo tasirin sanyaya da inganci don takamaiman kwararar taro da iko a wani zafin da aka ba.
Yin amfani da CFD don nazarin kwararar matakai biyu a cikin na'urar karkace ta firiji, ana iya ƙididdige tasirin tsayin capillary cikin sauƙi.Binciken CFD yana sauƙaƙa bin motsin ƙwayoyin ruwa.An yi nazarin na'urar sanyaya da ke wucewa ta ciki na murɗa mai karkace ta amfani da shirin CFD FLUENT.Tebur na 4 yana nuna ma'auni na coils na capillary.
FLUENT software mesh na'urar kwaikwayo za ta haifar da ƙirar ƙira da raga (Hoto na 2, 3 da 4 suna nuna sigar ANSYS Fluent).Ana amfani da ƙarar ruwa na bututu don ƙirƙirar ragar iyaka.Wannan shine grid da aka yi amfani da shi don wannan binciken.
An haɓaka ƙirar CFD ta amfani da dandalin ANSYS FLUENT.Sai kawai sararin samaniya mai motsi yana wakiltar, don haka magudanar kowane macijin capillary an tsara shi gwargwadon diamita na capillary.
An shigo da samfurin GEOMETRY cikin shirin ANSYS MESH.ANSYS yana rubuta lamba inda ANSYS haɗin samfuri ne da ƙarin yanayin iyaka.A kan fig.4 yana nuna samfurin bututu-3 (3962.4 mm) a cikin ANSYS FLUENT.Abubuwan Tetrahedral suna ba da daidaituwa mafi girma, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 5. Bayan ƙirƙirar babban raga, an adana fayil ɗin azaman raga.Ana kiran gefen coil ɗin shigarwa, yayin da gefen kishiyar yana fuskantar fitarwa.Waɗannan fuskokin zagaye an ajiye su azaman bangon bututu.Ana amfani da kafofin watsa labarai na ruwa don gina samfura.
Ko da kuwa yadda mai amfani ke ji game da matsa lamba, an zaɓi mafita kuma an zaɓi zaɓi na 3D.An kunna tsarin samar da wutar lantarki.
Lokacin da aka yi la'akari da kwararar a cikin rudani, yana da matukar rashin daidaituwa.Saboda haka, an zaɓi kwararar K-epsilon.
Idan aka zaɓi madadin takamaiman mai amfani, yanayin zai kasance: Yana bayyana kaddarorin thermodynamic na R152a refrigerant.Ana adana halayen sifofi azaman abubuwan bayanai.
Yanayin yanayi ya kasance baya canzawa.An ƙayyade saurin shigarwar, an bayyana matsa lamba na mashaya 12.5 da zafin jiki na 45 ° C.
A ƙarshe, a karo na goma sha biyar, ana gwada maganin kuma yana haɗuwa a karo na goma sha biyar, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 7.
Hanya ce ta taswira da nazarin sakamako.Matsa lamba da madaukai bayanan zafin jiki ta amfani da Monitor.Bayan haka, jimlar matsa lamba da zafin jiki da ma'aunin zafin jiki gabaɗaya an ƙaddara.Wannan bayanan yana nuna jimlar raguwar matsa lamba a kan coils (1, 2 da 3) a cikin adadi 1 da 2. 7, 8 da 9 bi da bi.An fitar da waɗannan sakamakon daga shirin guduwa.
A kan fig.10 yana nuna canjin inganci don tsayi daban-daban na evaporation da capillary.Kamar yadda ake iya gani, ingancin yana ƙaruwa tare da ƙara yawan zafin jiki.An samu mafi girma da mafi ƙarancin inganci lokacin da aka kai tsayin daka na 3.65 m da 3.96 m.Idan tsawon capillary ya karu da wani adadi, ingancin zai ragu.
Canjin iyawar sanyaya saboda matakan daban-daban na yanayin zafi da tsayin capillary ana nunawa a cikin fig.11. Sakamakon capillary yana haifar da raguwa a cikin ƙarfin sanyaya.Ana samun mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin sanyaya a wurin tafasa na -16 ° C.Ana lura da mafi girman ƙarfin sanyaya a cikin capillaries tare da tsawon kusan 3.65 m da zafin jiki na -12 ° C.
A kan fig.12 yana nuna dogaro da ƙarfin kwampreso akan tsayin capillary da zafin jiki na evaporation.Bugu da ƙari, jadawali ya nuna cewa ƙarfin yana raguwa tare da ƙara tsayin capillary da rage yawan zafin jiki.A yanayin zafi na -16 ° C, ana samun ƙaramin ƙarfin kwampreso tare da tsayin capillary na 3.96 m.
Anyi amfani da bayanan gwaji da suka wanzu don tabbatar da sakamakon CFD.A cikin wannan gwajin, ana amfani da sigogin shigarwar da aka yi amfani da su don simintin gwaji akan simintin CFD.Sakamakon da aka samu ana kwatanta shi da ƙimar matsa lamba.Sakamakon da aka samu ya nuna cewa matsa lamba a wurin fita daga capillary bai kai a ƙofar bututu ba.Sakamakon gwajin ya nuna cewa ƙara tsawon capillary zuwa wani iyaka yana rage raguwar matsa lamba.Bugu da ƙari, raguwar raguwar matsa lamba tsakanin mashigai da fitarwa na capillary yana ƙara ingantaccen tsarin firiji.Sakamakon CFD da aka samu yana cikin kyakkyawar yarjejeniya tare da sakamakon gwajin da ake ciki.An nuna sakamakon gwajin a cikin Figures 1 da 2. 13, 14, 15 da 16. An yi amfani da capillaries guda uku masu tsayi daban-daban a cikin wannan binciken.Tsawon bututun shine 3.35m, 3.65m da 3.96m.An lura cewa raguwar matsa lamba tsakanin mashigin capillary da fitarwa ya karu lokacin da aka canza tsayin bututu zuwa 3.35m.Hakanan lura cewa matsa lamba a cikin capillary yana ƙaruwa tare da girman bututu na 3.35 m.
Bugu da ƙari, raguwar matsa lamba tsakanin mashigai da fitarwa na capillary yana raguwa yayin da girman bututu ya karu daga 3.35 zuwa 3.65 m.An lura da cewa matsa lamba a kan fitar da capillary ya ragu sosai a wurin.A saboda wannan dalili, ingancin yana ƙaruwa tare da wannan tsayin capillary.Bugu da ƙari, haɓaka tsawon bututu daga 3.65 zuwa 3.96 m sake rage raguwar matsa lamba.An lura cewa a tsawon wannan tsayin matsa lamba yana raguwa ƙasa da mafi kyawun matakin.Wannan yana rage COP na firiji.Sabili da haka, madaukai masu tsayi suna nuna cewa 3.65 m capillary yana samar da mafi kyawun aiki a cikin firiji.Bugu da ƙari, karuwa a matsa lamba yana ƙara yawan amfani da makamashi.
Daga sakamakon gwajin, ana iya ganin cewa ƙarfin sanyaya na refrigerant R152a yana raguwa tare da haɓaka tsayin bututu.Coil na farko yana da mafi girman ƙarfin sanyaya (-12°C) sannan na uku yana da mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin sanyaya (-16°C).Matsakaicin inganci yana samuwa a zazzabi mai zafi na -12 ° C da tsayin capillary na 3.65 m.Ƙarfin compressor yana raguwa tare da ƙara tsawon capillary.Matsakaicin shigar da wutar damfara a zazzabi mai zafi na -12 °C kuma mafi ƙaranci a -16 °C.Kwatanta CFD da karatun matsa lamba na ƙasa don tsawon capillary.Ana iya ganin cewa al’amura iri daya ne a dukkan bangarorin biyu.Sakamakon ya nuna cewa aikin tsarin yana ƙaruwa yayin da tsayin capillary ya karu zuwa 3.65 m idan aka kwatanta da 3.35 m da 3.96 m.Sabili da haka, lokacin da tsayin capillary ya karu da wani adadi, aikin tsarin yana ƙaruwa.
Kodayake aikace-aikacen CFD zuwa masana'antar thermal da masana'antar wutar lantarki za su inganta fahimtarmu game da kuzari da ilimin lissafi na ayyukan bincike na thermal, iyakance yana buƙatar haɓaka hanyoyin CFD masu sauri, mafi sauƙi, da ƙarancin tsada.Wannan zai taimaka mana haɓakawa da tsara kayan aikin da ke akwai.Ci gaba a cikin software na CFD zai ba da damar ƙirƙira ta atomatik da haɓakawa, kuma ƙirƙirar CFD akan Intanet zai ƙara samun fasahar.Duk waɗannan ci gaban za su taimaka CFD ya zama filin da ya balaga da kayan aikin injiniya mai ƙarfi.Don haka, aikace-aikacen CFD a cikin injiniyan zafi zai zama mai faɗi da sauri a nan gaba.
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