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Kama da adana carbon yana da mahimmanci don cimma burin Yarjejeniyar Paris.Photosynthesis fasaha ce ta yanayi don ɗaukar carbon.Zane wahayi daga lichens, mun ƙirƙiri 3D cyanobacteria photosynthetic biocomposite (watau mimicking lichen) ta amfani da acrylic latex polymer da aka shafa akan soso na loofah.Adadin ɗaukar CO2 ta hanyar biocomposite shine 1.57 ± 0.08 g CO2 g-1 na biomass d-1.Adadin da aka ɗauka ya dogara ne akan busassun biomass a farkon gwajin kuma ya haɗa da CO2 da aka yi amfani da su don girma sabon kwayoyin halitta da CO2 da ke kunshe a cikin mahadi na ajiya irin su carbohydrates.Waɗannan ƙimar haɓaka sun kasance sau 14-20 sama da matakan sarrafa slurry kuma ana iya haɓakawa har zuwa kama 570 t CO2 t-1 biomass a kowace shekara-1, daidai da kadada 5.5-8.17 × 106 na amfanin ƙasa, cire 8-12 GtCO2 CO2 a kowace shekara.Sabanin haka, makamashin halittun daji tare da kama carbon da ajiya shine 0.4–1.2 × 109 ha.Biocomposite ya kasance yana aiki har tsawon makonni 12 ba tare da ƙarin abubuwan gina jiki ko ruwa ba, bayan haka an ƙare gwajin.A cikin tsarin fasaha mai ban sha'awa na ɗan adam don yaƙar sauyin yanayi, gyare-gyaren injiniya da ingantattun ƙwayoyin halittu na cyanobacterial suna da yuwuwar ɗorewa kuma mai daidaitawa don ƙara kawar da CO2 yayin rage asarar ruwa, abinci mai gina jiki da amfanin ƙasa.
Sauyin yanayi babbar barazana ce ga bambance-bambancen halittu na duniya, kwanciyar hankalin muhalli da mutane.Don rage mummunan tasirin sa, ana buƙatar shirye-shirye masu daidaitawa da manyan abubuwan lalata, kuma, ba shakka, ana buƙatar wani nau'i na kawar da iskar gas kai tsaye daga sararin samaniya.Duk da ingantacciyar rarrabuwar wutar lantarki da ake samu na samar da wutar lantarki2,3, a halin yanzu babu wata hanyar fasaha mai dorewa ta tattalin arziki don rage iskar carbon dioxide (CO2) 4, kodayake kama iskar gas na ci gaba5.Maimakon mafita na injiniyoyi masu daidaitawa da aiki, ya kamata mutane su juya zuwa injiniyoyi na halitta don kama carbon - kwayoyin photosynthesis (kwayoyin hoto).Photosynthesis fasaha ce ta dabi'ar carbon sequestration, amma ikonsa na juyawa haɓakar carbon anthropogenic akan ma'aunin ma'ana mai ma'ana abin tambaya ne, enzymes ba su da inganci, kuma ikonsa na turawa a ma'aunin da ya dace abin tambaya ne.Wata hanya mai yuwuwa don ɗaukar hoto shine ciyawar daji, wanda ke yanke bishiyoyi don samar da makamashi tare da ɗaukar carbon da adanawa (BECCS) azaman fasaha mara kyau wanda zai iya taimakawa rage hayakin CO21.Koyaya, don cimma maƙasudin yanayin zafi na Yarjejeniyar Paris na 1.5°C ta amfani da BECCS a matsayin babbar hanyar zata buƙaci 0.4 zuwa 1.2 × 109 ha, daidai da 25 – 75% na ƙasar noman duniya na yanzu6.Bugu da kari, rashin tabbas da ke da alaƙa da tasirin CO2 a duniya yana haifar da tambaya game da yuwuwar ingancin shukar gandun daji7.Idan muna son cimma maƙasudin yanayin zafi da yarjejeniyar Paris ta tsara, dole ne a cire daƙiƙa 100 na GtCO2 na iskar gas (GGR) daga sararin samaniya kowace shekara.Ma'aikatar Bincike da Ƙirƙira ta Burtaniya kwanan nan ta ba da sanarwar bayar da tallafi don ayyukan GGR8 guda biyar waɗanda suka haɗa da sarrafa ƙasa, ingantaccen yanayin dutse, dashen bishiya, da kayan amfanin gona na yau da kullun don ciyar da tsarin BECCS.Kudin cire sama da 130 MtCO2 daga yanayi a kowace shekara shine 10-100 US$/tCO2, 0.2-8.1 MtCO2 a kowace shekara don dawo da ƙasar peat, 52-480 US $/tCO2 da 12-27 MtCO2 kowace shekara don yanayin duwatsu. , 0.4-30 USD / shekara.tCO2, 3.6 MtCO2/yr, 1% karuwa a cikin gandun daji, 0.4-30 US$/tCO2, 6-41 MtCO2/yr, biochar, 140-270 US$/tCO2, 20 -70 Mt CO2 a kowace shekara don amfanin gona na dindindin BECCS9.
Haɗin waɗannan hanyoyin na iya yuwuwa kaiwa 130 Mt CO2 manufa a kowace shekara, amma farashin yanayin dutsen da BECCS suna da yawa, kuma biochar, duk da cewa yana da arha kuma mara amfani da ƙasa, yana buƙatar kayan abinci don tsarin samar da biochar.yana ba da wannan ci gaba da lamba don tura wasu fasahohin GGR.
Maimakon neman mafita a kan ƙasa, nemi ruwa, musamman phototrophs mai cell guda ɗaya kamar microalgae da cyanobacteria10.Algae (ciki har da cyanobacteria) suna kama kusan kashi 50% na carbon dioxide na duniya, kodayake suna lissafin kashi 1% na biomass na duniya11.Cyanobacteria sune ainihin injiniyoyin halittu na halitta, suna aza harsashi ga metabolism na numfashi da kuma juyin halittar rayuwa mai yawa ta hanyar oxygenic photosynthesis12.Tunanin yin amfani da cyanobacteria don kama carbon ba sabon abu ba ne, amma sabbin hanyoyin sanyawa jiki suna buɗe sabon hangen nesa ga waɗannan tsoffin halittu.
Buɗe tafkuna da masu daukar hotobioreactor tsoffin kadarori ne lokacin amfani da microalgae da cyanobacteria don dalilai na masana'antu.Waɗannan tsarin al'adu suna amfani da al'adun dakatarwa wanda sel ke shawagi cikin yardar kaina a cikin matsakaicin girma14;duk da haka, tafkuna da photobioreactors suna da rashin amfani da yawa irin su matalauta CO2 taro canja wuri, m amfani da ƙasa da ruwa, mai saukin kamuwa da biofouling, da high gini da kuma aiki halin kaka15,16.Biofilm bioreactors wadanda ba sa amfani da al'adun dakatarwa sun fi tattalin arziki dangane da ruwa da sararin samaniya, amma suna cikin haɗarin lalacewa ta hanyar lalatawa, suna da haɗari ga ɓarna na biofilm (kuma saboda haka asarar biomass mai aiki), kuma suna da haɗari ga biofouling17.
Ana buƙatar sababbin hanyoyin don ƙara yawan adadin CO2 da kuma magance matsalolin da ke iyakance slurry da biofilm reactors.Ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan hanya ita ce ƙwayoyin halitta na photosynthesis da aka yi wahayi daga lichens.Lichens wani hadadden fungi ne da photobionts (microalgae da/ko cyanobacteria) wanda ke rufe kusan kashi 12% na yankin duniya18.Naman gwari yana ba da tallafi na jiki, kariya, da ɗorawa na kayan aikin photobiotic, wanda hakanan yana ba da fungi tare da carbon (a matsayin samfuran hotuna masu yawa).Tsarin biocomposite da aka ba da shawarar shine "lichen mimetic", wanda yawan adadin cyanobacteria ba shi da motsi a cikin nau'in biocoating na bakin ciki akan ma'aunin mai ɗaukar hoto.Baya ga sel, biocoating ya ƙunshi matrix polymer wanda zai iya maye gurbin naman gwari.Emulsion na tushen ruwa ko "latexs" an fi son su saboda suna da jituwa, dorewa, mara tsada, mai sauƙin sarrafawa da samuwa19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26.
Gyaran sel tare da polymers na latex yana tasiri sosai ta hanyar abun da ke ciki na latex da kuma tsarin samar da fim.Emulsion polymerization wani tsari ne mai ban sha'awa da ake amfani da shi don samar da roba na roba, manne-nau'i, sealant, kayan daɗaɗɗen kankare, takarda da kayan yadi, da latex paints27.Yana da fa'idodi da yawa akan sauran hanyoyin polymerization, kamar haɓaka ƙimar haɓakawa da ingantaccen juzu'i na monomer, da sauƙin sarrafa samfur27,28.Zaɓin monomers ya dogara da kaddarorin da ake so na fim ɗin polymer wanda ya haifar, kuma don tsarin tsarin monomer gauraye (watau copolymerizations), ana iya canza kaddarorin polymer ta hanyar zaɓar nau'ikan nau'ikan monomers waɗanda ke haifar da kayan polymer.Butyl acrylate da styrene suna daga cikin na kowa acrylic latex monomers kuma ana amfani dasu anan.Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da ma'aikatan coalescing (misali Texanol) don inganta samar da fina-finai iri ɗaya inda za su iya canza kaddarorin latex na polymer don samar da sutura mai ƙarfi da "ci gaba" (coalescing).A cikin binciken mu na farko-na-ra'ayi, wani babban fili, babban porosity 3D biocomposite an ƙirƙira shi ta amfani da fentin latex na kasuwanci da aka shafa akan soso na loofah.Bayan dogon lokaci da ci gaba da magudi (makonni takwas), biocomposite ya nuna iyakacin ikon riƙe cyanobacteria a kan madaidaicin loofah saboda haɓakar tantanin halitta ya raunana ingantaccen tsarin latex.A cikin binciken na yanzu, mun yi niyya don haɓaka jerin polymers na latex na acrylic na sanannun sunadarai don ci gaba da amfani da aikace-aikacen kama carbon ba tare da sadaukar da lalata polymer ba.A yin haka, mun nuna ikon ƙirƙirar abubuwan lichen-kamar polymer matrix abubuwa waɗanda ke ba da ingantaccen aikin ilimin halitta da haɓaka haɓakar injina sosai idan aka kwatanta da ingantaccen biocomposites.Ƙarin haɓakawa zai haɓaka ɗaukar ƙwayoyin halittu don kama carbon, musamman idan an haɗa su tare da cyanobacteria da aka gyara don haɓaka ƙaddamarwar CO2.
Latexes tara tare da nau'ikan nau'ikan polymer guda uku (H = "hard", N = "al'ada", S = "laushi") da nau'ikan Texanol guda uku (0, 4, 12% v / v) an gwada su don guba da daidaitawa.M.daga cyanobacteria guda biyu.Nau'in latex yana tasiri sosai S. elongatus PCC 7942 (gwajin Shirer-Ray-Hare, latex: DF = 2, H = 23.157, P = <0.001) da CCAP 1479/1A (hanyoyi biyu ANOVA, latex: DF = 2, F = 103.93, P = <0.001) (Fig. 1a).Ƙaddamar da texanol ba ta da tasiri sosai ga ci gaban S. elongatus PCC 7942, kawai N-latex ba mai guba ba ne (Fig. 1a), kuma 0 N da 4 N sun ci gaba da girma na 26% da 35%, bi da bi (Mann- Whitney U, 0 N vs. 4 N: W = 13.50, P = 0.245; 0 N tare da sarrafawa: W = 25.0, P = 0.061; 4 N tare da sarrafawa: W = 25.0, P = 0.061) da 12 N sun ci gaba da girma daidai. zuwa kula da ilimin halitta (Jami'ar Mann-Whitney, 12 N vs. iko: W = 17.0, P = 0.885).Don S. elongatus CCAP 1479 / 1A, duka cakuda latex da ƙaddamarwar texanol sune mahimman abubuwa, kuma an lura da ma'amala mai mahimmanci tsakanin su biyu (hanyoyi biyu ANOVA, latex: DF = 2, F = 103.93, P = <0.001, Texanol). : DF=2, F=5.96, P=0.01, Latex*Texanol: DF=4, F=3.41, P=0.03).0 N da duk "laushi" latexes sun inganta girma (Fig. 1a).Akwai hali don inganta haɓaka tare da raguwar abun da ke ciki na styrene.
Mai guba da gwajin mannewa na cyanobacteria (Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 da CCAP 1479/1A) zuwa abubuwan da aka tsara na latex, dangantaka da yanayin canjin gilashin (Tg) da matrix yanke shawara dangane da guba da bayanan mannewa.(a) An yi gwajin guba ta amfani da filaye daban-daban na girman girma na cyanobacteria wanda aka daidaita don sarrafa al'adun dakatarwa.Jiyya da aka yiwa alama da * sun bambanta sosai da sarrafawa.(b) Bayanan ci gaban cyanobacteria tare da Tg latex (ma'anar ± SD; n = 3).(c) Adadin tarin cyanobacteria da aka saki daga gwajin mannewa na biocomposite.(d) Bayanan manne da Tg na latex (ma'anar ± StDev; n = 3).e Matrix yanke shawara dangane da guba da bayanan mannewa.Adadin styrene zuwa butyl acrylate shine 1:3 don "hard" (H) latex, 1:1 don "al'ada" (N) da 3: 1 don "laushi" (S).Lambobin da suka gabata a cikin lambar latex sun dace da abun ciki na Texanol.
A mafi yawan lokuta, yiwuwar ƙwayar tantanin halitta ya ragu tare da ƙara yawan ƙwayar texanol, amma babu wani mahimmanci ga kowane nau'i (CCAP 1479/1A: DF = 25, r = -0.208, P = 0.299; PCC 7942: DF = 25, r). = - 0.127, P = 0.527).A kan fig.1b yana nuna alaƙar haɓakar tantanin halitta da zafin canjin gilashin (Tg).Akwai ƙaƙƙarfan dangantaka mai ƙarfi tsakanin ƙaddamarwar texanol da ƙimar Tg (H-latex: DF = 7, r=-0.989, P = <0.001; N-latex: DF=7, r=-0.964, P= <0.001 ; S- latex: DF=7, r=-0.946, P=<0.001).Bayanan sun nuna cewa mafi kyawun Tg don girma na S. elongatus PCC 7942 yana kusa da 17 ° C (Hoto 1b), yayin da S. elongatus CCAP 1479/1A ya fi son Tg a ƙasa 0 ° C (Hoto 1b).S. elongatus CCAP 1479 / 1A kawai yana da dangantaka mara kyau tsakanin Tg da bayanan guba (DF=25, r=-0.857, P= <0.001).
Duk latexes suna da alaƙa mai kyau na mannewa, kuma babu ɗayansu da ya saki fiye da 1% na sel bayan 72 h (Fig. 1c).Babu wani babban bambanci tsakanin latexes na nau'i biyu na S. elongatus (PCC 7942: Gwajin Scheirer-Ray-Hara, Latex * Texanol, DF = 4, H = 0.903; P = 0.924; CCAP 1479/1A: Scheirer- gwajin Ray).- Gwajin kure, latex * texanol, DF=4, H=3.277, P=0.513).Yayin da maida hankali na Texanol ke ƙaruwa, ana fitar da ƙarin sel (Hoto 1c).idan aka kwatanta da S. elongatus PCC 7942 (DF=25, r=-0.660, P=<0.001) (Hoto 1d).Bugu da ƙari kuma, babu wata alaƙar ƙididdiga tsakanin Tg da tantanin halitta na nau'i biyu (PCC 7942: DF=25, r=0.301, P=0.127; CCAP 1479/1A: DF=25, r=0.287, P=0.147).
Ga nau'ikan nau'ikan guda biyu, polymers na latex "mai wuya" ba su da tasiri.Ya bambanta, 4N da 12N sun yi mafi kyau a kan S. elongatus PCC 7942, yayin da 4S da 12S suka yi mafi kyau a kan CCAP 1479 / 1A (Fig. 1e), ko da yake akwai fili don ƙarin haɓakawa na matrix polymer.An yi amfani da waɗannan polymers a cikin gwaje-gwajen ɗaukar hoto na CO2.
An kula da Photophysiology na kwanaki 7 ta amfani da sel da aka dakatar a cikin abun da ke ciki na latex mai ruwa.Gabaɗaya, duka ƙimar photosynthesis na bayyane (PS) da matsakaicin adadin adadin adadin PSII (Fv/Fm) yana raguwa tare da lokaci, amma wannan raguwar ba ta dace ba kuma wasu bayanan PS suna nuna amsa biphasic, suna ba da amsa na ɗan lokaci, kodayake dawo da ainihin-lokaci. guntu ayyukan PS (Fig. 2a da 3b).Amsar Fv/Fm ta biphasic ba ta da faɗi sosai (Figures 2b da 3b).
(a) Matsakaicin ƙimar photosynthesis (PS) da (b) matsakaicin adadin adadin adadin PSII (Fv/Fm) na Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 don mayar da martani ga ƙirar latex idan aka kwatanta da sarrafa al'adun dakatarwa.Adadin styrene zuwa butyl acrylate shine 1:3 don "hard" (H) latex, 1:1 don "al'ada" (N) da 3: 1 don "laushi" (S).Lambobin da suka gabata a cikin lambar latex sun dace da abun ciki na Texanol.(ma'ana ± daidaitaccen karkata; n = 3).
(a) Matsakaicin ƙimar photosynthesis (PS) da (b) matsakaicin adadin adadin adadin PSII (Fv/Fm) na Synechococcus elongatus CCAP 1479/1A don mayar da martani ga ƙirar latex idan aka kwatanta da sarrafa al'adun dakatarwa.Adadin styrene zuwa butyl acrylate shine 1:3 don "hard" (H) latex, 1:1 don "al'ada" (N) da 3: 1 don "laushi" (S).Lambobin da suka gabata a cikin lambar latex sun dace da abun ciki na Texanol.(ma'ana ± daidaitaccen karkata; n = 3).
Don S. elongatus PCC 7942, abun da ke ciki na latex da ƙaddamarwar Texanol bai shafi PS a tsawon lokaci ba (GLM, Latex * Texanol * Time, DF = 28, F = 1.49, P = 0.07), ko da yake abun da ke ciki ya kasance muhimmiyar mahimmanci (GLM)., Latex * lokaci, DF = 14, F = 3.14, P = <0.001) (Fig. 2a).Babu wani tasiri mai mahimmanci na ƙaddamarwar Texanol akan lokaci (GLM, Texanol * lokaci, DF=14, F=1.63, P=0.078).Akwai muhimmiyar hulɗar da ta shafi Fv/Fm (GLM, Latex * Texanol * Time, DF=28, F=4.54, P=<0.001).Haɗin kai tsakanin tsarin latex da ƙaddamarwar Texanol yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan Fv / FM (GLM, Latex * Texanol, DF = 4, F = 180.42, P = <0.001).Kowane siga kuma yana rinjayar Fv/Fm akan lokaci (GLM, Latex * Time, DF=14, F=9.91, P=<0.001 da Texanol*Time, DF=14, F=10.71, P=<0.001).Latex 12H ya kiyaye mafi ƙarancin matsakaicin PS da ƙimar Fv / FM (Fig. 2b), yana nuna cewa wannan polymer ya fi guba.
PS na S. elongatus CCAP 1479/1A ya bambanta sosai (GLM, latex * Texanol * lokaci, DF = 28, F = 2.75, P = <0.001), tare da abun da ke ciki na latex maimakon ƙaddamarwar Texanol (GLM, Latex * lokaci, DF). = 14, F=6.38, P= <0.001, GLM, Texanol * lokaci, DF=14, F=1.26, P=0.239).Polymers 0S da 4S sun kiyaye dan kadan mafi girma matakan aikin PS fiye da dakatarwar sarrafawa (Mann-Whitney U, 0S tare da sarrafawa, W = 686.0, P = 0.044, 4S tare da sarrafawa, W = 713, P = 0.01) inganta Fv./Fm (Fig. 3a) yana nuna ingantaccen sufuri zuwa Photosystem II.Don ƙimar Fv/Fm na sel CCAP 1479/1A, akwai babban bambancin latex akan lokaci (GLM, Latex * Texanol * Time, DF=28, F=6.00, P= <0.001) (Hoto 3b).).
A kan fig.4 yana nuna matsakaicin PS da Fv/Fm akan tsawon kwanaki 7 azaman aikin haɓakar tantanin halitta ga kowane iri.S. elongatus PCC 7942 ba shi da madaidaicin tsari (Fig. 4a da b), duk da haka, CCAP 1479 / 1A ya nuna alaƙar parabolic tsakanin PS (Fig. 4c) da Fv / Fm (Fig. 4d) dabi'u kamar yadda rabo daga styrene da butyl acrylate girma tare da canji.
Dangantaka tsakanin girma da kuma photophysiology na Synechococcus longum akan shirye-shiryen latex.(a) Bayanan guba da aka ƙulla akan ƙimar hotuna ta zahiri (PS), (b) matsakaicin adadin adadin adadin PSII (Fv/Fm) na PCC 7942. c Bayanan guba da aka ƙulla akan PS da d Fv/Fm CCAP 1479/1A.Adadin styrene zuwa butyl acrylate shine 1:3 don "hard" (H) latex, 1:1 don "al'ada" (N) da 3: 1 don "laushi" (S).Lambobin da suka gabata a cikin lambar latex sun dace da abun ciki na Texanol.(ma'ana ± daidaitaccen karkata; n = 3).
PCC 7942 na biocomposite yana da iyakataccen tasiri akan riƙe tantanin halitta tare da leaching mai mahimmanci ta tantanin halitta a cikin makonni huɗu na farko (Hoto 5).Bayan farkon lokacin ɗaukar CO2, ƙwayoyin da aka gyara tare da 12 N latex sun fara sakin CO2, kuma wannan tsarin ya ci gaba tsakanin kwanakin 4 da 14 (Fig. 5b).Waɗannan bayanan sun yi daidai da abubuwan lura na canza launin pigment.Net CO2 ci gaba da sake farawa daga ranar 18. Duk da sakin tantanin halitta (Fig. 5a), PCC 7942 12 N biocomposite har yanzu ya tara fiye da CO2 fiye da dakatarwar sarrafawa a kan kwanakin 28, ko da yake dan kadan (Mann-Whitney U-test, W = 2275.5; P = 0.066).Yawan sha CO2 ta latex 12 N da 4 N shine 0.51 ± 0.34 da 1.18 ± 0.29 g CO2 g-1 na biomass d-1.Akwai bambanci mai mahimmanci tsakanin jiyya da matakan lokaci (gwajin Shugaban-Ray-Hare, jiyya: DF = 2, H = 70.62, P= <0.001 lokaci: DF=13, H=23.63, P=0.034), amma shi ba.akwai muhimmiyar dangantaka tsakanin jiyya da lokaci (Chairer-Ray-Har gwajin, lokaci * magani: DF=26, H=8.70, P=0.999).
Gwaje-gwajen ɗaukar rabi na CO2 akan Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 biocomposites ta amfani da 4N da 12N latex.(a) Hotuna suna nuna sakin tantanin halitta da canza launin launi, da kuma hotunan SEM na biocomposite kafin da bayan gwaji.Farar layukan dige-dige suna nuna wuraren ajiyar tantanin halitta akan kwayoyin halitta.(b) Tarin CO2 net ɗin sama da tsawon sati huɗu.Latex "Al'ada" (N) yana da rabon styrene zuwa butyl acrylate na 1:1.Lambobin da suka gabata a cikin lambar latex sun dace da abun ciki na Texanol.(ma'ana ± daidaitaccen karkata; n = 3).
An inganta riƙewar salula sosai don damuwa CCAP 1479 / 1A tare da 4S da 12S, kodayake pigment a hankali ya canza launi a tsawon lokaci (Fig. 6a).Biocomposite CCAP 1479/1A yana sha CO2 na tsawon kwanaki 84 (makonni 12) ba tare da ƙarin abubuwan gina jiki ba.Binciken SEM (Fig. 6a) ya tabbatar da kallon gani na ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta.Da farko, sel sun kasance a cikin rufin latex wanda ke kiyaye amincinsa duk da haɓakar tantanin halitta.Yawan karɓar CO2 ya kasance mafi girma fiye da ƙungiyar kulawa (gwajin Scheirer-Ray-Har, jiyya: DF = 2; H = 240.59; P = <0.001, lokaci: DF = 42; H = 112; P = <0.001) ( Hoto na 6b).12S biocomposite ya sami mafi girma na CO2 (1.57 ± 0.08 g CO2 g-1 biomass a kowace rana), yayin da 4S latex ya kasance 1.13 ± 0.41 g CO2 g-1 biomass kowace rana, amma ba su bambanta ba (Mann-Whitney U) . gwajin, W = 1507.50; P = 0.07) kuma babu wani muhimmin hulɗar tsakanin jiyya da lokaci (gwajin Shirer-Rey-Hara, lokaci * magani: DF = 82; H = 10 .37; P = 1.000).
Rabin gwajin ɗaukan CO2 ta amfani da Synechococcus elongatus CCAP 1479/1A biocomposites tare da 4N da 12N latex.(a) Hotuna suna nuna sakin tantanin halitta da canza launin launi, da kuma hotunan SEM na biocomposite kafin da bayan gwaji.Farar layukan dige-dige suna nuna wuraren ajiyar tantanin halitta akan kwayoyin halitta.(b) Tarin CO2 net ɗin sama da tsawon sati goma sha biyu.Latex "mai laushi" (S) yana da rabon styrene zuwa butyl acrylate na 1:1.Lambobin da suka gabata a cikin lambar latex sun dace da abun ciki na Texanol.(ma'anar ± daidaitaccen karkatacce; n = 3).
S. elongatus PCC 7942 (Gwajin Shirer-Ray-Har, lokaci * magani: DF = 4, H = 3.243, P = 0.518) ko biocomposite S. elongatus CCAP 1479/1A (biyu-ANOVA, lokaci * magani: DF=8) , F = 1.79, P = 0.119) (Fig. S4).Biocomposite PCC 7942 yana da mafi girman abun ciki na carbohydrate a mako 2 (4 N = 59.4 ± 22.5 wt%, 12 N = 67.9 ± 3.3 wt%), yayin da dakatarwar sarrafawa yana da mafi girman abun ciki na carbohydrate a mako 4 lokacin (ikon = 59.6 ± 2.84% w/w).Jimlar abun ciki na carbohydrate na CCAP 1479 / 1A biocomposite ya kasance daidai da dakatarwar sarrafawa sai dai a farkon gwaji, tare da wasu canje-canje a cikin latex na 12S a mako 4. Mafi girman dabi'u na biocomposite sun kasance 51.9 ± 9.6 wt% don 4S da 77.1 ± 17.0 wt% don 12S.
Mun tashi don nuna yuwuwar ƙira don haɓaka ƙimar tsarin siraren fim ɗin latex polymer coatings a matsayin muhimmin sashi na lichen mimic biocomposite ra'ayi ba tare da sadaukar da biocompatibility ko aiki ba.Lallai, idan an shawo kan ƙalubalen tsarin da ke da alaƙa da haɓakar tantanin halitta, muna sa ran ingantattun ayyukan ingantawa akan abubuwan gwajin mu na gwaji, waɗanda tuni sun yi kama da sauran tsarin kama carbon cyanobacteria da microalgae.
Dole ne suturar ya zama mara guba, mai ɗorewa, goyan bayan mannewar tantanin halitta na dogon lokaci, kuma dole ne ya zama mai ƙarfi don haɓaka ingantaccen canjin taro na CO2 da O2 degassing.Nau'in acrylic polymers-nau'in latex suna da sauƙin shiryawa kuma ana amfani da su sosai a cikin masana'antar fenti, yadi, da mannewa30.Mun haɗu da cyanobacteria tare da ruwa na tushen acrylic latex polymer emulsion polymerized tare da takamaiman rabo na styrene / butyl acrylate barbashi da yawa daban-daban na Texanol.An zaɓi Styrene da butyl acrylate don su iya sarrafa abubuwan da ke cikin jiki, musamman ma elasticity da coalescence yadda ya dace na rufin (mahimmanci ga mai karfi da kuma mannewa mai mahimmanci), yana ba da damar haɗuwa da "hard" da "laushi" aggregates.Bayanan guba sun nuna cewa latex "mai wuya" tare da babban abun ciki na styrene ba ya da amfani ga rayuwar cyanobacteria.Ba kamar butyl acrylate ba, ana ɗaukar styrene mai guba ga algae32,33.Kwayoyin cyanobacteria sun bambanta sosai da latex, kuma an ƙaddara madaidaicin zafin jiki na gilashin (Tg) don S. elongatus PCC 7942, yayin da S. elongatus CCAP 1479/1A ya nuna dangantaka mara kyau tare da Tg.
Zazzabi na bushewa yana rinjayar ikon samar da fim ɗin latex mai ci gaba.Idan zafin jiki na bushewa yana ƙasa da Mafi ƙarancin Fim ɗin Samar da Zazzaɓi (MFFT), ƙwayoyin latex na polymer ba za su cika haɗuwa ba, wanda ke haifar da mannewa kawai a cikin ƙirar barbashi.Fina-finan da aka samu suna da ƙarancin mannewa da ƙarfin injina kuma suna iya kasancewa cikin foda29.MFFT yana da alaƙa da alaƙa da Tg, wanda za'a iya sarrafa shi ta hanyar abun ciki na monomer da ƙari na coalescents kamar Texanol.Tg yana ƙayyade yawancin kaddarorin jiki na rufin da aka samu, wanda zai iya kasancewa a cikin roba ko yanayin gilashi34.Dangane da lissafin Flory-Fox35, Tg ya dogara da nau'in monomer da ƙayyadaddun kaso na dangi.Bugu da ƙari na coalescent zai iya rage MFFT ta hanyar dakatar da Tg na kwayoyin latex na wucin gadi, wanda ke ba da damar samar da fim a yanayin zafi, amma har yanzu yana samar da sutura mai ƙarfi da karfi saboda coalescent a hankali ya kwashe tsawon lokaci ko an fitar da shi 36.
Ƙara yawan ƙaddamar da Texanol yana inganta samar da fina-finai ta hanyar yin laushi da ƙwayoyin polymer (rage Tg) saboda shayar da kwayoyin halitta a lokacin bushewa, don haka ƙara ƙarfin fim ɗin haɗin gwiwa da mannewa tantanin halitta.Saboda an bushe biocomposite a yanayin zafi (~ 18-20 ° C), Tg (30 zuwa 55 ° C) na latex na "hard" ya fi tsayin bushewa, ma'ana cewa coalescence barbashi bazai zama mafi kyau duka ba, sakamakon haka. Fina-finan B waɗanda suka kasance masu ɗanɗano, ƙarancin injiniyoyi da kaddarorin mannewa, ƙayyadaddun elasticity da diffusivity30 a ƙarshe suna haifar da asarar tantanin halitta.Fim ɗin fim daga "al'ada" da "laushi" polymers yana faruwa a ko žasa da Tg na fim ɗin polymer, kuma an inganta tsarin fim ta hanyar ingantaccen haɗin gwiwa, wanda ya haifar da ci gaba da fina-finai na polymer tare da ingantattun kayan aikin injiniya, haɗin kai, da kayan haɗi.Fim ɗin da aka samu zai kasance da rubbery yayin gwajin kama CO2 saboda Tg ɗinsa yana kusa da ("al'ada" cakuda: 12 zuwa 20 ºC) ko ƙananan ƙananan ("laushi" cakuda: -21 zuwa -13 ° C) zuwa yanayin zafi 30 .Latex “Hard” (3.4 zuwa 2.9 kgf mm–1) ya fi wuya sau uku fiye da “al’ada” latex (1.0 zuwa 0.9 kgf mm–1).Ba za a iya auna taurin latexes na “laushi” ta microhardness saboda wuce gona da iri da mannewa a dakin da zafin jiki.Har ila yau, cajin saman yana iya rinjayar alaƙar mannewa, amma ana buƙatar ƙarin bayanai don samar da bayanai masu ma'ana.Koyaya, duk latexes sun riƙe sel yadda yakamata, suna sakin ƙasa da 1%.
Yawan aiki na photosynthesis yana raguwa akan lokaci.Bayyanawa ga polystyrene yana haifar da rushewar membrane da damuwa na oxidative38,39,40,41.Ƙimar Fv / Fm na S. elongatus CCAP 1479 / 1A da aka fallasa zuwa 0S da 4S sun kusan sau biyu idan aka kwatanta da kulawar dakatarwa, wanda ke da kyakkyawar yarjejeniya tare da ƙimar CO2 na 4S biocomposite, da kuma tare da ƙananan ƙimar PS.dabi'u.Ƙimar Fv/Fm mafi girma suna nuna cewa jigilar lantarki zuwa PSII na iya isar da ƙarin photons42, wanda zai iya haifar da ƙimar daidaitawar CO2 mafi girma.Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura cewa an samo bayanan photophysiological daga sel da aka dakatar da su a cikin maganin latex na ruwa kuma maiyuwa ba lallai ba ne ya zama daidai da masu girma biocomposites.
Idan latex ya haifar da shinge ga haske da / ko musayar gas wanda ke haifar da haske da ƙuntatawa na CO2, zai iya haifar da damuwa ta salula kuma ya rage aikin, kuma idan ya shafi sakin O2, photorespiration39.An yi la'akari da watsawar haske na suturar da aka warkar da su: "latex" mai wuyar gaske ya nuna raguwa kadan a cikin watsa haske tsakanin 440 da 480 nm (wanda aka inganta a wani ɓangare ta hanyar ƙara yawan ƙwayar Texanol saboda ingantaccen fim din coalescence), yayin da "laushi" da "na yau da kullum". ” Latex ya nuna ɗan raguwar watsa haske.bai nuna hasarar hasara ba.Gwaje-gwajen, da kuma duk incubations, an yi su a cikin ƙananan ƙarfin haske (30.5 μmol m-2 s-1), don haka duk wani radiation mai aiki da hoto ta hanyar matrix polymer za a biya diyya kuma yana iya zama da amfani wajen hana photoinhibition.a lalata ƙarfin haske.
Biocomposite CCAP 1479/1A yayi aiki a cikin kwanaki 84 na gwaji, ba tare da juyar da abinci mai gina jiki ba ko hasara mai yawa na biomass, wanda shine babban makasudin binciken.Za a iya danganta lalatawar kwayar halitta tare da tsarin chlorosis don mayar da martani ga yunwar nitrogen don cimma rayuwa na dogon lokaci (yanayin hutawa), wanda zai iya taimakawa sel su sake ci gaba bayan an sami isassun tarawar nitrogen.Hotunan SEM sun tabbatar da cewa kwayoyin sun kasance a cikin rufin duk da rarrabawar kwayar halitta, suna nuna elasticity na latex na "laushi" kuma don haka yana nuna fa'ida a kan sigar gwaji.Latex "mai laushi" ya ƙunshi kusan 70% butyl acrylate (ta nauyi), wanda ya fi girma fiye da abin da aka ambata don sassauƙan shafi bayan bushewa44.
Hanyoyin sadarwar CO2 sun fi girma fiye da na dakatarwar sarrafawa (14-20 da 3-8 sau mafi girma don S. elongatus CCAP 1479/1A da PCC 7942, bi da bi).A baya can, mun yi amfani da tsarin canja wurin taro na CO2 don nuna cewa babban direba na babban CO2 shine babban madaidaicin maida hankali na CO2 a saman biocomposite31 kuma aikin biocomposite na iya iyakancewa ta hanyar juriya ga canja wurin taro.Ana iya shawo kan wannan matsala ta hanyar shigar da abubuwan da ba su da guba, wadanda ba fim din ba a cikin latex don kara yawan porosity da kuma lalacewa na rufin26, amma riƙewar tantanin halitta na iya lalacewa saboda wannan dabarar za ta haifar da raunin fim20.Za'a iya canza tsarin sinadarai a lokacin polymerization don haɓaka porosity, wanda shine mafi kyawun zaɓi, musamman dangane da samar da masana'antu da haɓaka45.
Ayyukan sabon biocomposite idan aka kwatanta da binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ta yin amfani da kwayoyin halitta daga microalgae da cyanobacteria sun nuna fa'idodi a cikin daidaita yawan nauyin nauyin tantanin halitta (Table 1) 21,46 kuma tare da tsawon lokacin bincike (kwanaki 84 da 15 hours46 da 3 weeks21).
Abubuwan da ke cikin adadin carbohydrates a cikin sel suna kwatanta da sauran karatun47,48,49,50 ta amfani da cyanobacteria kuma ana amfani dashi azaman ma'auni mai yuwuwar kama carbon da aikace-aikacen amfani da farfadowa, kamar na BECCS fermentation tafiyar matakai 49,51 ko don samar da biodegradable. bioplastics52 .A matsayin wani ɓangare na dalilin wannan binciken, muna ɗauka cewa shuka gandun daji, ko da an yi la'akari da shi a cikin ra'ayi mara kyau na BECCS, ba maganin sauyin yanayi ba ne kuma yana cinye wani yanki mai ban tsoro na ƙasar noma na duniya6.A matsayin gwaji na tunani, an kiyasta cewa tsakanin 640 da 950 GtCO2 za a buƙaci a cire shi daga sararin sama da 2100 don iyakance tashin zafin duniya zuwa 1.5°C53 (kimanin 8 zuwa 12 GtCO2 a kowace shekara).Samun wannan tare da mafi kyawun aikin biocomposite (574.08 ± 30.19 t CO2 t-1 biomass a kowace shekara-1) zai buƙaci haɓaka girma daga 5.5 × 1010 zuwa 8.2 × 1010 m3 (tare da kwatankwacin ingancin photosynthesis), wanda ya ƙunshi daga 196 zuwa biliyan 2.92. polymer.Idan aka yi la'akari da cewa 1 m3 na biocomposites ya mamaye 1 m2 na yanki, yankin da ake buƙata don shayar da abin da ake buƙata na shekara-shekara na CO2 zai kasance tsakanin hekta miliyan 5.5 da 8.17, wanda yayi daidai da 0.18-0.27% na dacewa da rayuwar filayen da ke cikin ƙasa. wurare masu zafi, da rage yankin ƙasa.Bukatar BECCS da 98-99%.Ya kamata a lura cewa rabon kamawar ka'idar ya dogara ne akan ɗaukar CO2 da aka rubuta a cikin ƙananan haske.Da zaran biocomposite ya fallasa zuwa mafi tsananin haske na halitta, ƙimar karɓar CO2 yana ƙaruwa, yana ƙara rage buƙatun ƙasa da ƙaddamar da ma'auni zuwa ga ra'ayin biocomposite.Duk da haka, aiwatarwa dole ne ya kasance a ma'aunin ma'auni don ci gaba da ƙarfin hasken baya da tsawon lokaci.
Tasirin hadi na CO2 a duniya, watau karuwar yawan ciyayi da aka samu sakamakon karuwar isar da sako na CO2, ya ragu a mafi yawan yankunan kasa, mai yiwuwa saboda sauye-sauyen muhimman abubuwan gina jiki na kasa (N da P) da albarkatun ruwa7.Wannan yana nufin cewa terrestrial photosynthesis bazai haifar da karuwa a cikin ɗaukar CO2 ba, duk da haɓakar CO2 a cikin iska.A cikin wannan mahallin, dabarun magance sauyin yanayi na tushen ƙasa kamar BECCS ba su da yuwuwar yin nasara.Idan an tabbatar da wannan al'amari na duniya, kayan aikin mu na lichen wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi zai iya zama babban kadara, yana mai da microbes photoynthetic microbes mai cell guda ɗaya zuwa "masu amfani da ƙasa."Yawancin tsire-tsire na duniya suna gyara CO2 ta hanyar C3 photosynthesis, yayin da tsire-tsire na C4 sun fi dacewa da dumi, wuraren bushewa kuma sun fi dacewa a mafi girma CO254 matsa lamba.Cyanobacteria suna ba da wani madadin da zai iya kashe hasashe mai ban tsoro na rage iskar carbon dioxide a cikin tsire-tsire na C3.Cyanobacteria sun shawo kan iyakoki na hoto ta hanyar haɓaka ingantacciyar hanyar haɓakar carbon wanda aka gabatar da matsi mafi girma na CO2 kuma ana kiyaye su ta ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase / oxygenase (RuBisCo) a cikin carboxysomes a kusa.Idan ana iya haɓaka samar da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na cyanobacterial, wannan zai iya zama makami mai mahimmanci ga ɗan adam a yaƙi da sauyin yanayi.
Biocomposites (lichen mimics) suna ba da fa'idodi masu fa'ida akan microalgae na al'ada da al'adun dakatarwar cyanobacteria, suna ba da ƙimar karɓar CO2 mafi girma, rage haɗarin gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen iska, da kuma yin alƙawarin gujewa CO2 gasa.Kuɗi yana rage yawan amfani da ƙasa, ruwa da abinci mai gina jiki56.Wannan binciken yana nuna yuwuwar haɓakawa da kera babban aikin biocompatible latex wanda, lokacin da aka haɗa shi da soso loofah a matsayin ɗan takarar ɗan takara, zai iya samar da ingantaccen amfani da CO2 mai inganci a cikin watanni na tiyata yayin kiyaye asarar tantanin halitta zuwa ƙaramin.Kwayoyin halittu na iya ɗaukar kusan 570 t CO2 t-1 na biomass a kowace shekara kuma suna iya tabbatar da cewa sun fi dabarun shuka gandun daji na BECCS a cikin martaninmu ga sauyin yanayi.Tare da ƙarin haɓaka abun da ke tattare da polymer, gwaji a mafi girman ƙarfin haske, da haɗe tare da ingantattun injiniyoyi na rayuwa, ainihin injiniyoyin halittu na iya sake zuwa ceto.
An shirya polymers na latex ta hanyar amfani da cakuda na monomers styrene, butyl acrylate da acrylic acid, kuma an daidaita pH zuwa 7 tare da 0.1 M sodium hydroxide (tebur 2).Styrene da butyl acrylate sune mafi yawan sarƙoƙin polymer, yayin da acrylic acid ke taimakawa ci gaba da barbashin latex a cikin dakatarwa57.Abubuwan da aka tsara na latex an ƙaddara su ta hanyar zafin canjin gilashin (Tg), wanda aka sarrafa ta hanyar canza rabo na styrene da butyl acrylate, wanda ke ba da kaddarorin "mai wuya" da "laushi", bi da bi58.A hankula acrylic latex polymer shine 50:50 styrene: butyl acrylate 30, don haka a cikin wannan binciken latex tare da wannan rabo an kira shi "al'ada" latex, kuma latex tare da babban abun ciki na styrene ana kiransa latex tare da ƙananan abun ciki na styrene. .ake kira "laushi" a matsayin "wuya".
An shirya emulsion na farko ta amfani da ruwa mai narkewa (174 g), sodium bicarbonate (0.5 g) da Rhodapex Ab/20 surfactant (30.92 g) (Solvay) don daidaita ɗigon monomer 30.Yin amfani da sirinji na gilashin (Science Glass Engineering) tare da famfon sirinji, aliquot na biyu da ke ɗauke da styrene, butyl acrylate da acrylic acid da aka jera a cikin Tebu 2 an ƙara su cikin sauƙi a cikin ƙimar 100 ml h-1 zuwa emulsion na farko sama da 4 hours (Cole). - Palmer, Dutsen Vernon, Illinois).Shirya bayani na polymerization initiator 59 ta amfani da dHO da ammonium persulfate (100 ml, 3% w / w).
Haɗa maganin da ke ɗauke da dHO (206 g), sodium bicarbonate (1 g) da Rhodapex Ab/20 (4.42 g) ta amfani da abin motsa sama (ƙimar Heidolph Hei-TORQUE 100) tare da farfasa bakin ƙarfe da zafi zuwa 82 ° C a cikin Jirgin ruwa mai jaket a cikin VWR Scientific 1137P ruwan wanka mai zafi.Rage nauyin maganin monomer (28.21 g) da mai ƙaddamarwa (20.60 g) an ƙara juzu'i a cikin jirgin ruwan jaket ɗin kuma an motsa shi na mintuna 20.Haɗa sauran monomer (150 ml h-1) da initiator (27 ml h-1) mafita don kiyaye barbashi a dakatarwa har sai an ƙara su cikin jaket na ruwa sama da sa'o'i 5 ta amfani da sirinji na 10 ml da 100 ml bi da bi a cikin akwati. .kammala da famfon sirinji.An ƙara saurin motsawar motsi saboda haɓakar ƙarar slurry don tabbatar da riƙe slurry.Bayan ƙara mai farawa da emulsion, an ɗaga zafin jiki zuwa 85 ° C, an motsa shi da kyau a 450 rpm na minti 30, sannan a sanyaya zuwa 65 ° C.Bayan sanyaya, an ƙara mafita guda biyu na ƙaura zuwa latex: tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) (70% a cikin ruwa) (5 g, 14% ta nauyi) da isoascorbic acid (5 g, 10% ta nauyi)..Ƙara t-BHP digo ta digo kuma bar minti 20.An ƙara Erythorbic acid a cikin adadin 4 ml/h daga sirinji na 10 ml ta amfani da famfon sirinji.An kwantar da maganin latex zuwa zafin jiki kuma an daidaita shi zuwa pH 7 tare da 0.1M sodium hydroxide.
2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate (Texanol) - low toxicity biodegradable coalescent ga latex Paint 37,60 - an kara da sirinji da famfo a cikin uku kundin (0, 4, 12% v / v) a matsayin wakili na coalescing don cakuda latex don sauƙaƙe ƙirƙirar fim yayin bushewa37.An ƙaddara adadin daskararrun latex ta hanyar sanya 100 µl na kowane polymer a cikin kwandon foil na aluminum da aka riga aka auna da bushewa a cikin tanda a 100 ° C na awanni 24.
Don watsa haske, kowane cakuda latex an yi amfani da shi zuwa faifan microscope ta amfani da ɗigon bakin karfe wanda aka daidaita don samar da fina-finai µm 100 kuma a bushe a 20 ° C na awanni 48.An auna watsa haske (wanda aka mayar da hankali kan radiation mai aiki, λ 400-700 nm) akan ILT950 SpectriLight spectroradiometer tare da firikwensin a nesa na 35 cm daga fitilar 30 W (Sylvania Luxline Plus, n = 6) - inda hasken ya kasance. tushen cyanobacteria da kwayoyin halitta ana adana kayan hade.An yi amfani da sigar software ta SpectriLight III 3.5 don yin rikodin haske da watsawa a cikin kewayon λ 400-700 nm61.An sanya dukkan samfurori a saman firikwensin, kuma an yi amfani da nunin faifan gilashin da ba a rufe ba azaman sarrafawa.
An ƙara samfuran latex a cikin kwanon burodin silicone kuma a bar su ya bushe na sa'o'i 24 kafin a gwada taurin.Sanya busasshen samfurin latex akan hular karfe a ƙarƙashin maƙalli x10.Bayan mayar da hankali, an ƙididdige samfuran akan majinin microhardness na Buehler Micromet II.An ƙaddamar da samfurin zuwa ƙarfin 100 zuwa 200 grams kuma an saita lokacin ɗaukar nauyi zuwa 7 seconds don ƙirƙirar lu'u-lu'u a cikin samfurin.An yi nazarin bugu ta amfani da maƙasudin microscope na Bruker Alicona × 10 tare da ƙarin software na auna siffa.An yi amfani da dabarar taurin Vickers (Equation 1) don ƙididdige taurin kowane latex, inda HV shine lambar Vickers, F shine ƙarfin aiki, kuma d shine matsakaicin diagonal na indent da aka lissafta daga tsayi da faɗin latex.ƙima mai ƙima.Ba za a iya auna latex mai laushi ba saboda mannewa da mikewa yayin gwajin shiga ciki.
Don ƙayyade yawan zafin jiki na gilashin (Tg) na abun da ke ciki na latex, an sanya samfurori na polymer a cikin jita-jita na gel silica, bushe don 24 hours, auna zuwa 0.005 g, kuma an sanya su a cikin jita-jita.An lullube tasa kuma an sanya shi a cikin wani nau'i mai launi daban-daban (PerkinElmer DSC 8500, Intercooler II, Pyris data analysis software)62.Ana amfani da hanyar kwarara zafi don sanya kofuna na tunani da kofuna na samfur a cikin tanda ɗaya tare da ginanniyar binciken zafin jiki don auna zafin jiki.An yi amfani da jimlar ramp biyu don ƙirƙirar madaidaiciyar lanƙwasa.An sake tayar da hanyar samfurin daga -20 ° C zuwa 180 ° C a cikin adadin 20 ° C a minti daya.Kowane wurin farawa da ƙarshen ana adana shi na minti 1 don lissafin ƙarancin zafin jiki.
Don kimanta ikon biocomposite don ɗaukar CO2, an shirya samfurori kuma an gwada su kamar yadda a cikin bincikenmu na baya31.An yanke busasshen busassun kayan wanke-wanken da aka ƙera a cikin ɗigon kusan 1 × 1 × 5 cm kuma a auna shi.Aiwatar da 600 µl na mafi inganci biocoatings na kowane nau'in cyanobacteria zuwa ƙarshen kowane tsiri na loofah, yana rufe kusan 1 × 1 × 3 cm, kuma bushe a cikin duhu a 20 ° C na awanni 24.Saboda tsarin macroporous na loofah, wasu daga cikin dabarar sun ɓace, don haka ingancin lodin tantanin halitta bai kasance 100% ba.Don shawo kan wannan matsala, an ƙayyade nauyin shirye-shiryen busassun a kan loofah kuma an daidaita shi zuwa ma'anar busassun shirye-shiryen.An shirya sarrafa kwayoyin halitta wanda ya ƙunshi loofah, latex, da matsakaici na gina jiki mara kyau ta hanya iri ɗaya.
Don yin gwajin gwaji na rabin-batch CO2, sanya biocomposite (n = 3) a cikin bututun gilashin 50 ml ta yadda ƙarshen biocomposite (ba tare da biocoating ba) ya kasance cikin hulɗa da 5 ml na matsakaicin girma, yana ba da abinci mai gina jiki. za a kai ta aikin capillary..An rufe kwalbar da butyl roba kwalaba mai diamita na 20 mm kuma an murƙushe shi da hular aluminium na azurfa.Da zarar an hatimi, a yi allurar 45 ml na 5% CO2/iska tare da bakararre allura a haɗe zuwa sirinji mai tauri.Yawan tantanin halitta na dakatarwar sarrafawa (n = 3) yayi daidai da nauyin tantanin halitta na kwayoyin halitta a cikin ma'aunin abinci.An gudanar da gwaje-gwajen a 18 ± 2 ° C tare da lokacin daukar hoto na 16: 8 da kuma lokacin daukar hoto na 30.5 µmol m-2 s-1.An cire sararin kai kowane kwana biyu tare da sirinji mai kauri kuma an bincika tare da mitar CO2 tare da shayar da infrared GEOTech G100 don tantance yawan adadin CO2 da ake sha.Ƙara daidai adadin cakuda gas CO2.
% CO2 Gyara yana ƙididdigewa kamar haka: % CO2 Gyara = 5% (v / v) - rubuta% CO2 (equation 2) inda P = matsa lamba, V = girma, T = zazzabi, da R = daidaitaccen iskar gas.
Rahoton CO2 da aka bayar don dakatarwar sarrafawa na cyanobacteria da biocomposites an daidaita su zuwa abubuwan da ba na halitta ba.Naúrar aikin g biomass ita ce adadin busassun biomass da ba a iya motsi a kan kayan wanki.An ƙaddara ta hanyar auna samfuran loofah kafin da bayan gyaran tantanin halitta.Kididdigar yawan nauyin kwayar halitta (madaidaicin biomass) ta hanyar auna shirye-shiryen daban-daban kafin da bayan bushewa da kuma ƙididdige yawan shirye-shiryen tantanin halitta (equation 3).Ana tsammanin shirye-shiryen salula sun kasance daidai lokacin gyarawa.
Minitab 18 da Microsoft Excel tare da RealStatistics add-in an yi amfani da su don nazarin ƙididdiga.An gwada al'ada ta amfani da gwajin Anderson-Darling, kuma an gwada daidaiton bambance-bambance ta amfani da gwajin Levene.An bincika bayanan da suka gamsar da waɗannan zato ta amfani da bincike na bambance-bambancen ta hanyoyi biyu (ANOVA) tare da gwajin Tukey azaman bincike na hoc.Bayanan hanyoyi guda biyu waɗanda ba su dace da zato na al'ada ba da kuma daidaitattun bambance-bambance an bincika su ta amfani da gwajin Shirer-Ray-Hara sannan kuma gwajin Mann-Whitney U don sanin mahimmanci tsakanin jiyya.An yi amfani da samfuran haɗaɗɗun layin gama gari (GLM) don bayanan da ba na yau da kullun ba tare da abubuwa uku, inda aka canza bayanan ta amfani da Johnson transform63.An yi bambance-bambancen lokaci na samfuran Pearson don kimanta alaƙar da ke tsakanin tattarawar Texanol, zazzabin canjin gilashi, da gubar latex da bayanan mannewa.
Lokacin aikawa: Janairu-05-2023